[quote]On 21 Jun 2012 at 7:18, tomw wrote:
> Historic? You're kidding, right? I've been driving up over Mt. Rose highway
> summit at just under 9000 ft from the valley at about 4500 ft periodically for
> over a couple years. And regen'ing all the way down.
I think Axel Krause of Brusa beat you all to the punch. He traversed the
Alps in his Mini-Evergreen EV in 1997.
http://www.brusa.biz/index.php?id=43
Sorry, the English section of the Brusa website seems to be AWOL. Here's a
translation.
More than 10 years ago BRUSA developed electric vehicles with respectable
performance. A historic crossing of the Alps demonstrated this impressively
on 18 August 1997.
We started at 6:30 at Gams with full batteries. The first two hours of
driving, it was still dark, so we had to use about 2% of the battery
capacity on the headlights.
At sunrise we reached the tunnel entrance of San Bernardino. There we had
already consumed 74% of the stored energy, although we had covered only
about half the distance.
In the first part of the steep descent, we were able to recover [with regen]
about 5% of the total capacity. At kilometer 140, the slope was less, so
that we could cover the next 20 km without appreciable consumption. Thanks
to the recuperation [regen], when we reached Bellinzona, the lowest point of
the journey, the battery was still at the same level as at San Bernardino -
thus we covered about 50 km with effectively zero energy consumption.
In Stabio we charged the battery during a meeting with a business partner.
After 2 hours the batteries were full again, thanks to the 10 kW charger. No
charging stops were necessary on the return route.
For the first time in history, an electric vehicle has crossed the Alps from
one valley to the other without recharging - and twice on the same day at
that.
The chart at right shows the deviation of the battery ampere-hours from the
average, compared to a level route. From the curve we can draw the
following conclusions:
1. The curve is virtually identical to the elevation profile. (If we plotted
kWh consumed instead Ah, the agreement would be even closer.)
2. The range is not affected by high mountains, since the total potential
energy can be recovered by recuperation and also saved through simple
coasting.
3. For optimum range, it is better not to have the climb at the end of a
long trip.
On the way back, during the first 60 km we used relatively little energy.
The main cause was a strong tail wind and the higher air temperature (by 15
degrees). Also, on the second run the battery was about 15 degrees warmer,
which resulted in a lower internal resistance.
When we charged in Stabio, 5.23 kWh were used. This corresponds to a very
low energy consumption of 10.7 kWh / 100 km (1 liter of gasoline).
Specifications
Body, Weight
* Self-supporting plastic body
* Convertible soft top and 2 doors
* Heated laminated glass windscreen
* 4 Seats
* Empty Weight with batteries: 900kg
* Maximum gross weight: 1200kg
Motor with inverter
* Water-cooled three-phase asynchronous motor with IGBT inverter
* Nominal input voltage: 180V DC max.
* Maximum current: 250A DC
* Max recuperation: 100A DC
* Maximum effective motor power: 3 x 250A [?]
* Peak power: 36kW (49hp) at 3500rpm
* Output range: 20kW (27hp) at 2,000 ... 9500rpm
* Max torque: 120Nm at 2800rpm 0 .. 1
* Maximum speed: 10000rpm
* Maximum Efficiency: 91% including inverter at 5000rpm 12kW
* Typical efficiency: over 85% including inverter 7200rpm, 20kW
* Motor dry weight: 46kg
Drive
* Differential Two-stage helical gearbox with integral differential
* Driving the front wheels via drive shafts
* Total reduction: 7: 1
* Speed at rated motor speed 10000rpm: 133km / h
Battery
* Water-cooled flooded NiCd batteries with central refill system
* 30 Blocks with SAFT STM 5-100 MRE type 6V/100Ah
* Total nominal voltage: 180V
* Capacity (3 hours): 100Ah
* Weight including battery, coolant and refill: 400kg
* Cycle life: 1200 (factory data)
* Maintenance Interval (add water): 10000km
Charger
* Water-cooled on-board charger, fully automatic
* Charging power from power:
o 0 .. 3.6 kW single-phase
o 0 .. 11kW, three phase
* Typical recharge time *): 12h to 10A socket for 100% full charge
* Shortest charging time *): 2 hours to 3 x 16A CEE socket, 90% full
charge
* Efficiency (from battery) 92%
*) With a fully discharged battery
Driving performance, energy consumption
* Maximum speed: 125km / h on level road
* Acceleration from 0-50km / h: 6s
* Acceleration from 0-80km / h: 12s
* Energy consumption from mains:
o 11.0 kWh / 100 km energy-efficient long-distance drive
o 12.5 kWh / 100km average summer season
o 16.5 kWh / 100km average winter season, not including heating
o 20 kWh / 100km average winter season, with heating
* Range with 1 charge:
o 220km in the summer, cross-country trip, speed 65 km / h
o 160 km in winter without heating
* Overall efficiency: 60% from power cord to wheel
====
Pity that only a few Mini-Evergreens were ever produced, and (AFAIK) none
ever made it to the states. It's very light - there's a pic on the
builder's website showing him holding the entire body over his head!
David Roden - Akron, Ohio, USA
EVDL Administrator
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[EVDL] Historic EV Road Trip - Not JUST down a Level Freeway
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