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1961 Volvo PV 544 to EV 544 - Build Thread

14768 Views 186 Replies 14 Participants Last post by  jclars
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Hello All!

I pondered what to do to this car for over 1 year since driving it home. Yes, it was the first project car I had not needed a trailer for! I have travelled as far as Southern Cal. to pickup other projects with a trailer in tow. Never one only 15 miles from home! And so cheap ($2500) for a running vintage car!

Because the starting point was so favorable, it was tempting to simply do a stock restoration. But then I started digging and found the engine and tranny were not original, coming from a newer Volvo. I felt like it opened the door for a restomod. I am soon 72 years old and have always enjoyed a challenge. My last build was a traditional hot rod which included at totally fabricated frame and flat head V8. Parts were either already in my shop or sourced from multiple swap meets and online sales The various parts spanned years 1928 to 1962 in vintage. I also upgraded a 1958 MGA Coupe to a 2000 Miata drive train. I have done a 1956 F100 PU with a 90's era drivetrain from a T-bird SuperCoupe. This past May I drove Rte. 66 in it. 6000 miles round trip. So major technology jumps with previous projects has been accomplished. And I drive the things! But ICE to EV??? Before last year I didn't even know what those acronyms stood for!

I reviewed the topics I was to cover with my first post, and I can see the logic to determine where everyone enters this EV game. So I can fabricate, I can visualize, I can drive. But this EV thing was a bit intimidating. Then I took a ride in a modern EV and got sucked in! With your help, I hope to make this car an almost daily driver. I am planning for 80 - 100 mile range. I also want to approach this incrementally, both for affordability, but also because I like to mock up restomods to present a car look like it could have come from the factory that way. I have become adept at doing this, but it has always been by trial and error with lots of cardboard and wood mock-ups. I have fabricated things multiple times to get it looking right (as well as for structural integrity!).

I hope I can present this EV conversion similar to my other less radical projects. I want the motor with controller to take center stage, so no battery box on top of it, even though there is a lot of room under the bulbous hood. Likewise, I doubled the HP and Torque on that MGA mentioned above, and it suddenly became a fun (not to mention dependable) sports car! While I will only have a marginal HP jump in my chosen EV gear, I am pretty sure the torque value and dependability factors will be satisfying enough!

That all said, I have been working with EVWest to gain a system understanding and with a local Electrical shop that has dabbled in EV development for the last 10 years. EVWest had done a Volvo P1800 several years ago and just this past week we were able to confirm a match to my Volvo bellhousing and flywheel. So I have the adapter/coupler on order with them. I also have a Hyper 9 HV motor system with chill plate and front motor mount on order with the local shop. Saved much on freight by finding a local source for that! I have other components pre-selected from both EVW and locally, but again will use these first major pieces to anchor the mock-up stage. So because the adapter is a long lead item, I will probably be doing more restoration type stuff in the interim, so bear with me.

I attach pix of the car, the voluminous engine bay and similar trunk. I do plan to put at least some battery packs in the rear where the gas tank came from. However only 100-120 lbs or so to help keep within original weight trim. Which I think will be okay, with so much room in front. But again, I want to showcase the motor. Not the battery packs.

Looking forward to hearing comments from this valued knowledge base in the months ahead!

Wheel Tire Car Vehicle Motor vehicle
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John Larsen
Lynden, WA
USA
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while we were sorting out the Federal Law rant, Thundersruck Motors replied to my request, and because I had selected their newer MCU BMS, I can do this switching by programming the keyswitch (ksi) function to "on"..
Hey @jclars thanks for taking the time to post this stuff. Can you expand a little on what this KSI change is doing? I'm interested to know if it might apply in my situation. What behavior on the MCU changes here? Thanks.
Actually, I was trying to layout my contactor/fuse box based on the critiqued EVW diagram shown on one of my posts, while at the same time sorting through various other wiring schematics. Recognizing that I am just learning as I go, I will try to explain it the way in which it got sorted. Only you can see if it fits your situation or not (usual disclaimer as I've learned.) Location of my charging station and MCU in the trunk/boot was driving my desire to pare down wiring to and fro to the front motor/controller area.

The EVW diagram in question showed a "12V contactor" switched indirectly through a key switch HV relay upstream and activated by the start switch further upstream. It seemed like it was quite redundant and unnecessarily busy. But what do I know?

On the other hand, Thunderstruck Motors (TSM) showed an "Enable Switch" to the B+ terminal on their DC-DC diagram. I called TSM for clarification. Two different techs confirmed that it was simplest to program one of the spare output ports on their MCU to activate (ground) to the enable switch (key switch type HV relay). This means that it would activate whenever charging was occurring, but through the MCU (BMS). He noted that the EVW diagram in question would require you to have the vehicle switched on to complete that circuit. They felt that allowing the DC-DC to do it's job during off road charging would ensure a fully charged 12V system every time you went to use the car.

I hope that makes sense. I encourage you to make contact with TSM if that is your selected system. Thy dumbed it down for me, I am sure, but were very patient and encouraging, not to mention responsive to my e-mails. They encouraged me to get back with them when it came time to activate the output port if I couldn't figure it out the programming needed from the manual.

John
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Actually, I was trying to layout my contactor/fuse box based on the critiqued EVW diagram shown on one of my posts, while at the same time sorting through various other wiring schematics. Recognizing that I am just learning as I go, I will try to explain it the way in which it got sorted. Only you can see if it fits your situation or not (usual disclaimer as I've learned.) Location of my charging station and MCU in the trunk/boot was driving my desire to pare down wiring to and fro to the front motor/controller area.

The EVW diagram in question showed a "12V contactor" switched indirectly through a key switch HV relay upstream and activated by the start switch further upstream. It seemed like it was quite redundant and unnecessarily busy. But what do I know?

On the other hand, Thunderstruck Motors (TSM) showed an "Enable Switch" to the B+ terminal on their DC-DC diagram. I called TSM for clarification. Two different techs confirmed that it was simplest to program one of the spare output ports on their MCU to activate (ground) to the enable switch (key switch type HV relay). This means that it would activate whenever charging was occurring, but through the MCU (BMS). He noted that the EVW diagram in question would require you to have the vehicle switched on to complete that circuit. They felt that allowing the DC-DC to do it's job during off road charging would ensure a fully charged 12V system every time you went to use the car.

I hope that makes sense. I encourage you to make contact with TSM if that is your selected system. Thy dumbed it down for me, I am sure, but were very patient and encouraging, not to mention responsive to my e-mails. They encouraged me to get back with them when it came time to activate the output port if I couldn't figure it out the programming needed from the manual.

John
thanks so much for the writeup. Yeah, i've found my interactions with TSM to also be great. I had some similar difficulties in trying to figure out how to best activate the Volt contactors in various scenarios like when charging with the vehicle key off, or what happens if the vehicle is already charging then someone turns on the key, etc. - partly because of the way the negative contactor on the Volt is shared with the charger and all other systems but the positive contactor for the charger is separate. In the end what I elected to do, which is leave the negative of the charger connected to the battery directly but only switch the positive contactor for the charger when the MCU detects the charge cable is plugged in. It isn't ideal, but I went through all of the scenarios and that one seemed to be the best in my situation. I may add another external contactor from the Chevy Volt ones in the future, but sometimes adding extra complexity does more to hurt the situation than help it. Still considering it though.

I'm also trying to figure out what I want to do for 12V charging when the car hasn't been driven for a while. Not sure if I want to enable the DC-DC system when charging like you suggested (which is a great option just a little more complexity), or add a battery tender that can run off of the charger A/C input, or just ignore it and run a higher risk of a 12V failure. At the moment I'm just ignoring it. But that's just my decision and I'm not an expert and everyone do their own thing and don't trust what i'm saying and other disclaimers.

Thanks again for the writeup.
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The e-pedal output signal wires plug directly into your inverter/controller with its 0-5V signal, which is identical to what the landfilled resistor put out.
Remy was referring to an (electronic) Hall Effect throttle (assembly) (like most OEM EV's use)
...& just trying to "relay" that Pot box(es) are kinda antiquated & have drawbacks
...kinda like Points Ignition's & Tube TV's ;)

Just an FYI:
Here is an "aftermarket" version, that I have used before (on my Mini-Slingshot) :)

Foot Pedal Drive By Wire With 5 Volt DC Hall Effect Position Sensor No Connector | Motor Speed Controllers | DC Motors | Electric Motors | www.surpluscenter.com

Originally made for use in RAVEN brand electric mowers.

Hall effect pedal position sensor outputs a 0-5 VDC signal based on pedal position; 5 VDC output when pedal fully depressed. Hall effect sensor can be removed revealing a 0.10" thick x 0.32" wide male tang that rotates up to 55 degrees as the pedal moves.

Three wire leads. (red 5V (+), black neg (-), other (0-5V signal)
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Hey, what's wrong with my tube tv and point ignition? (oh yeah, I guess I eliminated all points, now that I think about it. Including my 1957 Ford Tractor.)

Those pedals are so cheap I may get one just to satisfy myself that I can make it "feel" right. Remy would call that my ICE hot rod bias.

Thanks for the feedback!
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Your welcome. (y)

FYI:
Another option would be to use the vehicles stock "gas" pedal
...& run its cable to a Thumb Throttle (~$10.00) (same Hall Effect type throttle as the pedal I posted earlier)
7/8" 24/36/48V Thumb Throttle Speed Control E-Bike Electric Bike Scooter 3 Wires | eBay

This could help your EV maintain the stock look
...& with the "right" return spring
...the stock feel too :)

I use one to control my ElMoto
...via the bikes stock twist throttle

Here is an old video (~5 yrs) showing the instillation & actuation of the thumb throttle on my bike ;)
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Another good option that I was not aware of - thanks! This is what the forum is supposed to be about!

I have ordered the foot pedal you suggested, and will see what it is all about. My existing pedal is not cable activated, but could make your second option viable all the same.

Thanks! John
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Yup! No problem! Teamwork!

Here is my Mini-Slingshot, controlled by the electronic throttle pedal, "in action"

The other kart is called the Land Speeder
...& each of its motors is controlled by its own (independent) thumb throttle ;)
I will not show this to my grand kids just yet - until I achieve success on something more comples...
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Thought the referenced E-Pedal would be light duty, as you mentioned it was from a lawn mower. Not the case, I am happy to report! In fact double springs make it at least similar to my stock pedal action, so I may dump that firewall location all together!

However, I am concerned about a trace of rust on the retaining washer. It must have seen some moisture at one time. Is there a way to test it's function at 5V on the bench? How do I get the voltage down to that level?

Thanks again for the tip!

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Black GND

Red + (most are 12V, though some may be 5V. being from a lawnmower, it's a coin flip imo. Start at 5V if you don't know)

Green approx 0-5V depending on pedal position.

There may be some guard voltage there that runs, for example, 0.5V to 4.5V which should be ok.

Rust? It's from a Chinesium lawn mower, lol.
Okay, salt water rust from the long crossing of the Pacific.

How do you recommend reducing to 5V ? Transformer of some sort?
Who said it needed lowering? Most 12V pedals put out 0-5V for their ECU.
Since it goes through the controller, I thought there might be an internal reduction occurring at that point, as they show a 5V signal terminal. I want to test it on the bench without the controller.
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Brilliant!
Well -.minus point 5 volts brilliant.
There are many dual hall OEM throttles available and cheap.
Why not use one of those?

For example

View attachment 136634
E-pedal tested out fine at 0.00 to 4.75 with fresh AAA battery pack.

I spent two days last weekend wandering the Portland swap meet. Great for hot rod parts, not so great for EV's. Or foreign cars for that matter. However, I found a pile of fuses and dug through it to find these. They are Shamut ATMR30. 600V. I was thinking this would be suitable for some of my charging system. However, I discovered they are fast acting type.

Do I want time delay type?

It was a low risk purchase at only $1.

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Slow blow is usually for motor loads.

It's not a low risk purchase if it's a down payment on a forced Cheap Charlie use that burns your car down.
Low risk as in it is only the purchase price to lose. I had already purchased new ones for this application, but no spares.
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