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Butt coupler / joint vs continious run for resistance loss

1839 Views 29 Replies 6 Participants Last post by  kennybobby
So, any super nerds out there that can help - I'm using Amphenol's G2 series 300 connectors for my 2/0 cable.

All these high-end connectors require multiple tooling and time to assemble - man tear ($$$) are at the feet of stupid mistakes like forgetting to mount a ring before you did this-or-that and now it can't be undone or reversed or blah blah blah (<cursing and being forced to order a new $100++ connector).

So, the question I have is, would a pig-tail design reduce the resistant of the overall run - point A Connector to point B connector vs point A Connector to butt joint to point B connector.

I can build a G2 connector in a controlled environment (my dinning room) attached to say a 24" length of 2/0 cable then make my run in the vehicle, join the butt to butt end to the pig-tail and Bob's you Uncle.

The question is, how much do I loose in resistance with a butt joint?

Obviously, I would use an industrial, hex crimped, tinned, copper connector then a double wall, adhesive heat shrink over it for both strength and water proofing.

Thoughts?

- Patrick
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I'm thinking this for the butt coupler
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or this one:
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No solder, heavy crimp, strong heat shrink.

What do you guys think?

- Patrick
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It looks like a good solution; probably couldn't measure any significant resistance increase unless the crimp wasn't done well.

What is the overall length of the 2/0 that would be used x (0.000080 Ohms per foot) --kinda hard to measure resistance that low.

In my book the Green One is the expert on crimping, Hammer Time ; couldn't find his dissection pictures but those are must see.
The run from the back of the Jeep to the front will be about 8-10 feet.

Here's the specs for that one:
BrandThomas & Betts
Color codeBlack
Conductor Size2/0
Conductor TypeCopper
Length2.13
MaterialCopper
Outside Diameter0.59
SpecificationsTin Plated Finish
Type2-Way Long Barrel
Voltage Rating600

Can you ping HammerTime, or attach the thread, that sounds interesting.

Thanks.

- Patrick
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It looks like a good solution; probably couldn't measure any significant resistance increase unless the crimp wasn't done well.

What is the overall length of the 2/0 that would be used x (0.000080 Ohms per foot) --kinda hard to measure resistance that low.

In my book the Green One is the expert on crimping, Hammer Time ; couldn't find his dissection pictures but those are must see.
....and just so I'm clear, you're saying that a proper butt joint, will be able to transmit the full electrical load as if it was not a cut / butt joint - right?

- Patrick
That is a link to one of his posts with a video, from there you can search all of his posts. run your mouse over it should be underlined, click it and go.

Orange is the standard color to identify HV cables on EVs.

The losses due to a good crimp will be very small and below your level to detect unless you have some expensive equipment.

What is the max or peak current that you expect or want to carry?

You may need some extra measures to increase the insulation of the crimped joint; tape and heat shrink wouldn't cut it. Look for the industrial solutions.
That was super stupid of me - sorry for being so obtuse - THANK YOU for that link.

As for the butt joint - 600vdc is what we're rated at as is the wire. I'm using 2/0 shielded cable so my thought was to cut it back carefully, expose the shielding then the core cable, make my butt joint, add back the cleanly but outer jacket, run a jumper between shields, cover with first layer of single wall adhesive heat shrink then sleeve the whole thing with dual wall orange adhesive heat shrink.

Man, now that I'm done typing that, I might be over killing it....

Anyway, that's the plan Man.

- Patrick
That is a link to one of his posts with a video, from there you can search all of his posts. run your mouse over it should be underlined, click it and go.

Orange is the standard color to identify HV cables on EVs.

The losses due to a good crimp will be very small and below your level to detect unless you have some expensive equipment.

What is the max or peak current that you expect or want to carry?

You may need some extra measures to increase the insulation of the crimped joint; tape and heat shrink wouldn't cut it. Look for the industrial solutions.
Just walked around his videos, very interesting. For a relatively new sector, after watching some of his stuff, it amazes me how far the DIY EV market and makers have come.

I have two hand hydraulic crimping tools - a 5 ton and a 12 ton. The later can crimp up to 600kcmil cable (a little over and 1" in dia.).

I'm a crimp master (or is it Master Crimper, I get so confused with formal titles....).

- Patrick
(he, him, Crimp Master)
You didn't mention it was shielded cable initially; i don't know why you omitted that detail.

If these are for your motor wiring (3-phase) then just use a solid run without a crimp; the break in the shield will negate using a shield.

If these are for the + and - of the HV run from the pack then crimp might be okay, but i don't understand about using a shield on a single wire in a pair.
Sorry about that.

Couple things;
  • The run is ONLY for the 2 cable pack (+) & (-) run from the back of the Jeep to the front - NOT the 3-phase, 3 cable run from inverter to motor. Trust me, there will be no joints in that short (24") run.
  • I was under the impression that shielding was more for EMF reduction then anything else.
  • I DIDN'T want to use shielded cable and had plenty of wonderful 2/0 from EV West BUT, the connectors from Amphenol G2 series are for shielded cable only - that might sound funny for some but the assembly of the connector to cable uses the shielding as part of the 'structure' of the connector.
There's a handful of reasons to go with Amphenol's G2 series connectors, we can discuss separately (another thread?) if you guys care.

My only concern was the overall potential loss of current incorporating a butt joint.

You guys figured out why I'm even asking about this 'pig tail' idea - right?

- Patrick
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There is always gonna be a loss in a splice or connection. It comes with the ability to make that connection. A good one doesn't make much loss, but if it is really that important then just do a solid run of wire instead.
Roger roger - I can do that, well, I have tools that if properly used, I can easily do that.

Thanks
I should get the Thomas & Betts butt connectors by this weekend, I'll lay it out and post then.

- Patrick
The images are at the end of the video. But here is a screen shot. Hammer vs hydraulic crimp. I will have to say that those thick connectors are difficult to hammer crimp because you can tear them. If you look closely at the part I crimped with the hammer you will see a small hole appeared and that would allow moisture and water if not properly sealed. So to avoid that you need to be sure to lubricate the tip of the crimper before crimping and be sure you don't tear them. They are thick but you can see the results. Some have commented on the hydraulic crimp as being a poor example but it was what someone else had done and used on their conversion that I fixed. View attachment 135394
Thanks for sharing that.

I can think of a handful of pros of hydraulic v hammer but the number one, all things being equal (horrible cliché), the control you need for aligning connector to cable you just can't come close with a blunt force blow.

My G2 connector have two separate crimp points per connector and require 1-2+/-cm accuracy of crimp to make the second crimp work AND that crimp has to be dead on for the proper sleeve / strength issues to be adhered to for the overall strength and connectivity of the connection.

Also, aren't you showing lead battery connections - is that a fair comparison to say and inline crimp or a tinned tight fit lug or ring?
Interesting discussion. Although is is intuitive to assume a lug connection you can swing across a pit of alligators on is better than one that is (just enough) electrical connection. My understanding is that stranded wire has higher ampacity than a solid copper crossection, which is what you are doing when you crimp the hell out of a stranded wire into a solid copper wad at both ends of a butted connection. So maybe the goal is to size your butt connector to allow for some interlacing of the strands inside the butt and then just crimp over the area of this interlacing. Also, to back up to ensure more "mental insurance" consider the need to be concerned at all about this issue and look up the time to heat up under actual intended load. Here is a website/calculator that will tell you how long it will take to max the insulation rating for your wire. If you are using 00 wire and it says 350A constant load capacity, then why does Tesla use this size wire and hook it up to a motor that can see 1300-1500A for short durations. Using the website below you can play with figures that you get from measuring the resistance of your butt connection vs a un-butted length of wire.

The more I buy and examine Tesla stuff to understand and innovate my project, the more I discover them is some smart fellas'.

Every single thing I get from Ebay to get inspiration from is amazingly well engendered - really really impressive work and design.
I would say so people can see the difference and leave out the small. You did see a difference and a pretty substantial one in my image. Mine hammer crimp is also not a solid block of metal either. If you look you can see the wires but more tightly bound to help with vibration issues. With the crimped one when I removed them from the vehicle there were about 5 of them that just fell apart with no real tugging so the crimp was quite poor. Interesting that a hydraulic crimp is so crappy. Not to say all hydraulic crimps are crappy. Just showing a comparison between two different ways. I'll do a video and revisit this. I won't bother doing another hammer as you can already see what it does. I will however use my hydraulic crimper and cut it for you to compare. Give me a few days and I'll post when it's ready to view.
I think part of the problem, and no insult intended, is the crimper, the 'you' in this.

Meaning, I made some horrible crimps with my hydraulic crimper when I started - fell right off, super awful.

Then I disovered when I bought a better TE 5ton tool with double the number of dies, that it wasn't just 'use the 2/0' die and move on. Nope, there was a 2/0+, 2/0 and 2/0- for most of the important sizes.

I use the hell out of the 6awg, 8awg dies also. Those too, +'s and -'s helped me dial in perfect crimps. That and a good supplier of adhesive single wall or double wall heat shrink and I've got crazy strong lug / connections.

I look forward to seeing your section demo for crimped work.

- Patrick
The T&B (Thomas & Betts ) butt joint coupler arrived.

Here's a quick snap, tight fit but perfect.

I'll set up the rest of the assembly and the steps to crimp.
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Here's a question; is there any reason to bridge / jump the metal sheathing layer - from one side of the cut to the other?

Since it's mostly an EMF shield, NOT a ground shield (per sa), not sure I need to take step.

Thoughts?
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First pics - sizing and such.
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Steps:
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Mark

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Trim back jacket NOT inside jacket.

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Trim back inside jacket to coupler specified length, in this case, 1".

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Alrighty, pretty...

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Doesn't really fit the non-shielded EV West cable (on the left).

2/0 AWG Cable
Left: EV West brand cable Right: Champlain EXRAD XLE HVFX 1000V Shielded Cable (also from EV West).

Anyway, stuff....

- Patrick
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Anybody have an idea how to ever so gently open up one end of the connector - I mean by thousands of an inch.

I'm so close but can't get one side to fit.

Thanks!
a tubing cutters reamer should work not sure if it would be enough but should help by directing all the wire strands into the connector.
Later floyd
Would you be so kind as to send a quick picture of what you're thinking please.

Thanks!
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